Appendix B: Additional explorations of organization

Appendix overview

In this appendix, I report additional exploratory analyses of the organization of the sets of “conceptual units” that were excluded from the main text of Chapter IV, including: (a) Analyses using children’s own scales to assess organization among older children (7-9y of age) and younger children (4-6y of age) in Study 3 and among children (4-5y of age) in Study 4; and (b) XX.

Using children’s own scales

In Chapter IV, I used adults’ EFA solution to construct BODY, HEART, and MIND scales and used these scales to assess the organization of these adult-like conceptual units among both adult and child samples. For Study 2, I also used 7- to 9-year-old children’s own EFA solution to construct a separate set of scales based on children’s own conceptual units and conducted a separate set of analyses of the organization of these “child-like” conceptual units. Here I present a parallel set of analyses using children’s own EFA solutions (rather than adults’) to assess the organization of conceptual units among both older children (7-9y of age) and younger children (4-6y of age) in Study 3, as well as among children (4-5y of age) in Study 4.

Study 3

Older children, using their own scales

Scale construction

Following the steps described in “General analysis plan,” above, yielded BODY, HEART, and MIND scales of 6 items each; see Table 4.3.

Visualization

Analysis of asymmetries

Younger children, using their own scales (three-factor solution)

XX suggested by WDM

Scale construction

Following the steps described in “General analysis plan,” above, yielded BODY*, HEART*, and MIND scales of 5 items each; see Table 4.3.

Visualization

Analysis of asymmetries

Younger children, using their own scales (two-factor solution)

Scale construction

XX suggested by parallel analysis

Following the steps described in “General analysis plan,” above, yielded BODY-HEART and MIND scales of 6 items each; see Table 4.3.

Visualization

Analysis of asymmetries

Discussion

Table 4.3: Scales for each of the conceptual units (factors) identified by EFA for US Adults, older children, and younger children in Study 3 (see Chapter III). For younger children, this includes scales for both three- and two-factor EFA solutions. A checkmark indicates that a mental capacity was included in a scale for a particular sample. The conceptual units of younger children differed substantially from those of older children and adults, such that some mental capacities were included in different scales across age groups (e.g., feel scared was part of the BODY scale for older children and adults, but part of the HEART* scale for younger children). In these cases, the name of the scale is provided (rather than a checkmark).

			Younger children, 4-6y
Capacity	Adults	Older children, 7-9y	3-factor solution	2-factor solution
BODY scale
feel pain	✓	✓
get hungry	✓	✓	✓	BODY-HEART
feel tired	✓	✓	✓
smell things	✓	✓	✓
feel scared	✓	✓	HEART*
feel sick...	✓			BODY-HEART
get angry		✓	✓	BODY-HEART
HEART scale
feel happy			✓	BODY-HEART
feel guilty	✓	✓	MIND	MIND
get hurt feelings	✓	✓	BODY*
feel embarrassed	✓	✓	✓
feel proud	✓	✓	✓	BODY-HEART
feel love	✓	✓	✓
feel sad	✓	✓		BODY-HEART
MIND scale
sense...far away	✓	✓	✓	✓
sense temperatures	✓	✓	✓	✓
figure out how to do things	✓	✓	✓	✓
be aware of things	✓	✓
remember things	✓	✓	✓	✓
make choices	✓	✓		✓

Study 4

Children, using their own scales (three-factor solution)

Scale construction

Following the steps described in “General analysis plan,” above, yielded BODY, HEART, and MIND scales of 3 items each; see Table 4.4.

Visualization

Analysis of asymmetries

Children, using their own scales (four-factor solution)

Scale construction

Following the steps described in “General analysis plan,” above, yielded BODY (nausea), BODY (other), HEART*, and MIND* scales of 3 items each; see Table 4.4.

Visualization

Analysis of asymmetries

Discussion

Table 4.4: Scales for each of the conceptual units (factors) identified by EFA for US Adults and children in Study 4 (see Chapter III). For children, this includes scales for both three- and four-factor EFA solutions. A checkmark indicates that a mental capacity was included in a scale for a particular sample. The conceptual units of younger children differed substantially from those of adults, such that some mental capacities were included in different scales across age groups (e.g., love someone was part of the HEART scale for adults, but part of the MIND* scale in the four-factor solution for younger children). In these cases, the name of the scale is provided (rather than a checkmark).

		Children, 4-5y
Capacity	Adults	3-factor solution	4-factor solution
BODY scale
get thirsty	✓	✓	BODY (other)
feel hungry	✓	✓	BODY (other)
smell things	✓	✓	BODY (nausea)
feel tired	✓		BODY (nausea)
feel sick	✓		BODY (nausea)
HEART scale
love someone	✓	✓	MIND*
get sad	✓		✓
hate someone	✓
feel sorry	✓	✓	✓
get lonely	✓	✓	✓
MIND scale
figure things out	✓
remember things	✓	✓	✓
know stuff	✓	✓	✓
think	✓	✓
hear	✓		BODY (other)